{"id":4319,"date":"2021-07-29T18:28:32","date_gmt":"2021-07-29T16:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/?page_id=4319"},"modified":"2026-01-27T19:08:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T18:08:04","slug":"eng_dictionary-of-argumentation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/eng_dictionary-of-argumentation\/","title":{"rendered":"Dictionary of Argumentation 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"

DICTIONARY OF ARGUMENTATION 2025<\/span><\/em><\/h2>\n

Foreword<\/span> \u2013<\/a> J. Anthony BLAIR
\n<\/span>Preface<\/span>\u00a0 <\/a>\u2013<\/em> Christian PLANTIN – Translated by J. Anthony BLAIR<\/span><\/h2>\n

Quotations from English texts follow <\/em>the language of the English edition.
\nDeepL English \u2013 Edited and Proofread.<\/em>Errors are mine.<\/i><\/p>\n

A<\/span><\/h1>\n

A Comparatione \u25ba<\/em>Comparison<\/a>
\nA Completudine<\/em> \u25ba Comprehensiveness<\/a>
\nA Conjugata<\/em> \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Related Words<\/a>
\nA Contrario <\/em>\u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Opposites<\/a>
\nA Fortiori<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/span>
\nA Pari<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/span>
\nA Priori, A Posteriori<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/span>
\nA Repugnantibus<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/span>
\nA Simili<\/strong><\/em><\/a>
\nA\/ab <\/em><\/a><\/strong>–<\/em><\/a><\/strong> Arguments, e.g. A Contrario<\/em><\/a><\/strong> arg<\/a><\/strong>.<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span>Ab \u2014<\/em>, Ad \u2014<\/em>, Ex \u2014<\/em>: Latin Labels<\/strong><\/a>
\nAb Exemplo<\/em><\/a>
\n<\/strong>Abduction<\/strong><\/a><\/span>
\nAbsurd<\/strong><\/a>
\nAccent \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Ambiguity<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Accident<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ad <\/em>–<\/em> Arguments, e.g. Ad hominem<\/em> arg.<\/em><\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ad Auditorem<\/em> \u25baBeliefs of the Audience<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ad Baculum<\/em> \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Threat \u2014 Promise<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ad Consequentiam<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/span>
\nAd Hominem<\/em><\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ad Incommodum<\/em><\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ad Judicium<\/em><\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ad lapidem \u25ba Dismissal<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/em>Ad litteram<\/strong><\/em> \u25ba Letter<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ad orationem \u25ba<\/em>Matter<\/a>;<\/a> Strict meaning<\/a>
\n<\/em><\/strong>Ad personam<\/em> \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Personal Attack<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ad<\/em> Populum<\/em><\/a><\/strong>
\nAd Quietem<\/em> \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Calm<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ad Rem<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/span>
\nAd Verecundiam<\/em> \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Modesty<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Affirming the Consequent \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Deduction<\/a>
\n<\/strong>\u201cAfter as Before\u201d \u25ba\u00a0Consistency<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Agreement<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Alignment \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Orientation<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ambiguity<\/a>
\nAmphiboly \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Ambiguity<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Analogical Thinking<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Analogy 1: Intra-Categorical Analogy<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Analogy 2: Structural Analogy<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Antanaclasis \u2014 Antimetabole \u2014 Antiparastasis \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Orientation Reversal<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Antithesis<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Apagogic<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Aporia\u00a0\u25ba\u00a0Assent<\/a>; Stasis<\/a>
\n<\/strong>To Argue<\/em>, Argument<\/em>, \u2026<\/em>: The Words<\/strong><\/a><\/span>
\nArgument \u2014 Conclusion<\/strong><\/a><\/span>
\nArgumentation 1: Definitions<\/strong><\/a><\/span>
\nArgumentation 2: Key Features and Issues<\/strong><\/a><\/span>
\nArgumentation Studies: Contemporary<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>Developments<\/strong><\/a><\/span>
\nArgumentativity \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Argumentation (2)<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Assent
\n<\/strong>Association \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Dissociation<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Audience \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Rhetorical Argumentation<\/a> \u2014 Persuasion<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Authority<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/span>Autophagy, Retaliation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

B<\/span><\/h1>\n

Backing \u25ba Layout of argument<\/a> \u2014 Topos<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Bandwagon \u25ba Consensus<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Begging the Question<\/strong> \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Vicious Circle<\/strong><\/a>
\nBeliefs of the Audience<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Bias \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Orientation<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Burden of Proof<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

C<\/span><\/h1>\n

Appeal to CALM, or AD QUIETEM<\/em> Argument<\/strong><\/a>
\nCase-by-Case Argument<\/strong><\/a>
\nCategorization and Nomination<\/strong><\/a>
\nCausality<\/strong><\/a>
\nCausal argumentation<\/strong><\/a>
\nCause-to-Effect argumentation<\/strong><\/a>
\nCircumstances<\/strong><\/a>
\nClassification<\/strong><\/a>
\nCollections 1 and Typologies of Arguments<\/strong><\/a> Schemes<\/strong><\/a>
\nCollections 2: From Aristotle to Boethius<\/strong><\/a>
\nCollections 3: Modernity and Tradition<\/strong><\/a>
\nCollections 4: Contemporary\u00a0\u00a0 Structurations<\/strong><\/a>
\nCommon Sense \u25ba \u00ab\u00a0<\/em>Invention\u201d; Common Place<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Common Place \u25ba \u00ab\u00a0<\/em>Invention\u201d; Common Place<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Comparison<\/strong><\/a>
\nComprehensivess<\/strong><\/a>
\nComposition and Division<\/strong><\/a>
\nConcession<\/strong><\/a>
\nConclusion<\/strong> \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Argument \u2014 Conclusion<\/strong><\/a>
\nConditions of Discussion<\/strong><\/a>
\nConductive Argument<\/strong><\/a>
\nConnective, Logical \u2014<\/em><\/strong><\/a>
\nConsensus<\/strong><\/a>
\nConsequence <\/strong>\u25baEffect-to-Cause argument\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>
\nConsistency<\/strong><\/a>
\nContradiction<\/strong><\/a>
\nContrary and Contradictory<\/strong><\/a>
\nConvergent Argumentation<\/strong><\/a>
\nConvergent \u2014 Linked \u2014 Serial Argumentation<\/strong><\/a>
\nConversion<\/strong><\/a>
\nCooperative Principle<\/strong><\/a>
\nCoordinate Argumentation \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Linked argumentation<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Correlative terms<\/strong><\/a>
\nCounter-Accusation<\/strong><\/a>
\nCounter-Argumentation<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Counter-Discourse \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Counter-Argumentation<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Counter-Proposition \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Counter-Argumentation<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Criticism\u202f\u2014\u202fRationalities\u202f\u2014\u202fRationalizations<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

D<\/span><\/h1>\n

Debate<\/strong><\/a>
\nDeduction<\/strong><\/a>
\nDefault Reasoning<\/strong><\/a>
\nDefinition (1): Definition and Argument<\/em><\/strong><\/a>
\nDefinition (2): Arg. Justifying a definition<\/em><\/strong><\/a>
\nDefinition (3): Arg. based on a definition<\/em><\/strong><\/a>
\nDefinition (4): Persuasive Definition<\/strong><\/a>
\nDemonstration and Argumentation<\/strong><\/a>
\nDenying<\/strong><\/a>
\nDenying the Antecedent \u25ba\u00a0Deduction<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Derived Words<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Destruction of Speech<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Dialectic<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Diallel \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Vicious Circle<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Dilemma<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Direction \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Gradualism<\/a> \u2014 Slippery Slope<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Disagreement<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Dismissal<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Dissensus<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Dissociation<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Distinguo<\/strong><\/a>
\nDivision<\/strong> \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Case-by-Case;<\/strong><\/a> Composition<\/strong><\/a>
\nDoubt<\/strong><\/a>
\nDoxa<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

E<\/span><\/h1>\n

Ecthesis \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Example<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Effect to Cause, Arg. from \u2014<\/em><\/strong><\/a>
\nEmotion<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Enantiosis \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Disagreement<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Enthymeme<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Epicheirema<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Epitrope<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Establishing \/ Exploiting a Relationship<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ethos<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Etymology \u25baTrue Meaning of the Word<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Evaluation and Evaluators<\/strong><\/a>
\nEvidentiality<\/strong><\/a>
\nEx\u00a0<\/em>\u2014 Arguments (Ex Concesso\u2026<\/em>)<\/strong><\/a>
\nEx Concessis \u25ba<\/em><\/strong>Beliefs of the Audienc<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Ex Datis \u25ba<\/em>Beliefs of the Audience<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Exageration and Euphemization\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>
\nExample<\/strong><\/a>
\nExemplum<\/em><\/strong><\/a>
\nExplanation<\/strong><\/a>
\nExpression<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

F<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Facts \u25ba<\/strong> Proof by fact – Persuasion against fact<\/strong><\/a>
\nFaith<\/a> \u2014 Superstition<\/a>, Arg. from \u2014<\/em><\/a>
\n<\/strong>Fallacies 1: Contemporary Approaches<\/strong><\/a>
\nFallacies 2: Aristotle’s Foundational List<\/strong><\/a>
\nFallacies 3: From Logic and Dialectic to Science<\/strong><\/a>
\nFallacies 4: A Moral and Anthropological<\/strong><\/a> Perspective<\/strong><\/a>
\nFallacies as Sins of the Tongue<\/strong><\/a>
\nFalse Cause \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Cause-Effect<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Figure<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Follow-the-Leader \u25ba\u00a0Ad Populum<\/a><\/em> \u2014\u00a0<\/strong>Consensus<\/strong><\/a>
\nForce <\/strong>\u25ba <\/strong>Strength<\/strong><\/a>
\nForum<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

G<\/span><\/h1>\n

Generality of the Law<\/strong><\/a>
\nGenetic Argument \u25ba Fallacy\u00a0(I)<\/a> – Intention of the<\/a> Legislator<\/a>;
\n<\/strong>Genus<\/strong><\/a>
\nGradualism and Direction<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

H<\/span><\/h1>\n

Hasty Generalization \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Induction<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Historic Argument (in Law) \u25ba Intention of the Legislator<\/a>
\nHomonymy<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

I<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Ignorance<\/strong><\/a>
\nIgnorance of Refutation, Ignoratio Elenchi <\/em>\u25ba Relevance<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Imitation \u25baExample<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Implication \u25ba\u00a0Inference<\/a> \u2014 Deduction<\/a> \u2014 Connective<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Index \u25ba\u00a0Natural Sign<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Indicator<\/strong><\/a>
\nInduction<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Inference<\/strong><\/a>
\nIntention of the Legislator<\/strong><\/a>
\nInteraction, Dialogue, Polyphony<\/strong><\/a>
\nInterpretation as Argument<\/strong><\/a>
\n\u00ab\u00a0<\/em>Invention\u201d; Common Place<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Irony<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

J<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Justice: Rule of \u2014<\/em><\/strong><\/a>
\nJustification and Deliberation<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

K<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Kettle Argumentation<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

L<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Laughter and Seriousness<\/strong><\/a>
\nLaws of Discourse \u25ba\u00a0Scale<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Layout of argument<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Legal Arguments: Three Collections<\/strong><\/a>
\nLegal Syllogism \u25ba\u00a0Layout<\/a> \u2014 Definition<\/a><\/strong> \u2014 Categorization<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Letter: Arg. appealing to the \u2014<\/em><\/a>
\n<\/strong>Likely \u25ba\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>Probable, Plausible, True<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Linked Argumentation<\/strong><\/a>
\nLogic: Branch of Mathematics<\/strong><\/a>, Art of Thinking<\/strong><\/a>
\nLogical square \u25ba<\/strong> Proposition<\/strong><\/a>
\nLogics for Dialogues<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Logos – Ethos \u2013 Pathos<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

M<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Manipulation<\/strong><\/a>
\nMany Questions<\/strong><\/a>
\nMap, Arg.\u2014<\/em> \u25ba\u00a0Script<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Matter<\/strong><\/a>
\nMetaphor, Analogy, Model<\/strong><\/a>
\nMetonymy, Synecdoche<\/strong><\/a>
\nModeration and Radicalism<\/strong><\/a>
\nModesty<\/strong><\/a>
\nMotives and Reasons\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>
\nMultiple Argumentation \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Convergent argumentation<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

N<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Natural Signs<\/strong><\/a>
\nNature, Appeal to -; <\/em>Naturalistic Fallacy \u25ba Weight of Circumstances<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Negation \u25ba\u00a0Denying<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Non-Contradiction Principle<\/strong><\/a>
\nNorm<\/strong><\/a>
\nNovelty, Appeal to \u2014\u00a0<\/em>\u25ba\u00a0Progress<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

O<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

OBJECT OF DISCOURSE<\/strong><\/a>
\nOBJECTION<\/strong><\/a>
\nOntological Argument\u00a0\u25ba\u00a0A Priori<\/em>, A Posteriori<\/em><\/a>
\n<\/strong>Opponent \u25baRoles<\/a>
\n<\/strong>OPPOSITE terms<\/strong><\/a>
\nArgument from OPPOSITES<\/strong><\/a>
\nOrator \u25baRhetorical argumentation<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Argumentative ORIENTATION<\/strong><\/a>
\nORIENTATION reversal<\/strong><\/a>
\nORIENTING words<\/strong><\/a>
\nORNAMENTAL fallacy<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

P<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Paradiastole\u00a0\u25ba\u00a0Orientation Reversal<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Paradoxes of Argumentation<\/strong><\/a>
\nParalogism<\/strong><\/a>
\nPathetic Argument<\/strong><\/a>
\nPathos 1: Rhetorical Proof<\/strong><\/a>
\nPathos 2: From Proof to Fallacy<\/strong><\/a>
\nPersonal Attack<\/strong><\/a>
\nPersuading, Convincing<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Persuasion<\/strong><\/a>
\nPetitio Principii<\/em> \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Vicious Circle<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Plausible \u25ba\u00a0Probable, Plausible, True<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Politeness<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Political Arguments: Two Collections<\/strong><\/a>
\nPolysyllogism<\/strong> \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Sorite<\/a><\/strong>; Serial<\/strong><\/a>
\nPragmatic Argument<\/strong><\/a>
\nPrecedent<\/strong><\/a>
\nP<\/strong>resence \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Object of discourse<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Presupposition<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Priming and Stages \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Gradualism and Direction<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Probable, Plausible, True<\/strong><\/a>
\nProgress<\/strong><\/a>
\nProlepsis<\/strong><\/a>
\nProof and the Arts of Proof<\/strong><\/a>
\nProof by facts – Persuasion against facts\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>
\nProper Name<\/strong><\/a>
\nProponent \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Roles<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Proportion and Proportionality<\/strong><\/a>
\nProposition<\/strong><\/a>
\nPseudo-Simplicity \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Fallacies (I)<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Psychological Argument (in Law) \u25ba Intention of the\u00a0 Legislator<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Q<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Quasi-Logical Arguments<\/strong><\/a>
\nQuestion<\/strong><\/a>
\nQuestion: Argumentative Question<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

R<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Rationality \u25ba\u00a0<\/em><\/a>Criticism – Rationalities – Rationalization\u00a0<\/a><\/strong>
\nReciprocity<\/strong><\/a>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\u00ab\u00a0Red Herring\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/a>
\nRedundancy of the Law, Arg. from –<\/em><\/strong><\/a>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>Reflexivity<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Reformulation \u25ba\u00a0Vicious Circle<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Refutation<\/strong><\/a>
\n<\/strong>Related Words<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Relation<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Relevance<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Repetition<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Respect<\/strong><\/a>
\nResumption of speech \u2014 \u201cStraw man\u201d<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Retaliation \u25ba Autophagy<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Rhetorical Argumentation<\/strong><\/a>
\nRhetoric and Interpretation: Complementarity<\/strong><\/a>
\nRich and Poor<\/strong><\/a>
\nRight Balance Argument \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Moderation and Radicalism<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Roles: Proponent Opponent, Third Party<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

S<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Scale: Argumentative \u2014; \u2014 Laws of Discourse<\/strong><\/a>
\nSchematization<\/strong><\/a>
\nScheme – Schematization<\/strong><\/a>
\nScheme of <\/strong><\/a>Argument – Topos<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Script<\/strong><\/a>
\nSelf-Argued Claim<\/strong><\/a>
\nSelf-Evidence\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>
\nSerial Argumentation<\/strong><\/a>
\nSigns \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Natural Signs<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Silence<\/strong><\/a>
\n<\/strong>Slippery Slope<\/strong><\/a>
\nSophism, Sophist<\/strong><\/a>
\nSorite<\/strong><\/a>
\nStasis<\/strong><\/a>
\nStrategy<\/strong><\/a>
\n\u201cStraw Man\u201d \u25ba Resumption of speech<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Strength<\/strong><\/a>
\nStrict Meaning\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>
\nStructures of Argumentation<\/strong><\/a>
\nSubject Matter of the Law<\/strong><\/a>
\nSubordinate Argumentation \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Serial Argumentation<\/a><\/strong>
\nSyllogism<\/strong><\/a>
\nSymmetry \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Relations<\/a> – Reciprocity<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Synecdoche \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Metonymy<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Systemic argument<\/strong><\/a>
\nSyzygy<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

T –<\/span> U<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Tagging the argumentative sequence<\/strong><\/a>
\n\u201cTechnical\u201d vs<\/em> \u201cNon-Technical\u201d Evidence<\/strong><\/a>
\nTestimony<\/strong><\/a>
\nThird Party \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Roles<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Threat \u2014 Promise<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Title of the law, Arg. from the\u2014\u00a0 <\/em>\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>
\nTopos in Semantic<\/strong><\/a>
\nTopos \u2014 Topic \u2014 Commonplace<\/a><\/span><\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/span>True Meaning of the Word<\/strong><\/a>
\nTruth \u25ba\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Probable, Likely, True<\/strong><\/a>
\nTwo-Term Reasoning<\/strong><\/a>
\nTwo wrongs don\u2019t make a right<\/em>\u201d \u25ba \u201cYou too!\u201d<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

V<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Vague \u2013 General \u2013 Fuzzy\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>
\nValue in the New Rhetoric<\/strong><\/a>
\nVerbiage<\/strong><\/a>
\nVertigo<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Vicious Circle<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

W<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Warrant \u25baLayout of Argument <\/a>\u2014 <\/a>Topos<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Waste<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Weight of Circumstances<\/strong><\/a>
\nWhole and Parts \u25ba\u00a0<\/em>Composition and Division<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Words as Arguments<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

X –<\/span> Y – Z<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

DICTIONARY OF ARGUMENTATION 2025 Foreword \u2013 J. Anthony BLAIR Preface\u00a0 \u2013 Christian PLANTIN – Translated by J. Anthony BLAIR Quotations from English texts follow the language of the English edition. DeepL English \u2013 Edited and Proofread.Errors are mine. A A Comparatione \u25baComparison A Completudine \u25ba Comprehensiveness A Conjugata \u25ba\u00a0Related Words A Contrario \u25ba\u00a0Opposites A Fortiori […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4319","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4319"}],"version-history":[{"count":389,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15519,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4319\/revisions\/15519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

\u201cYou too!\u201d<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"