{"id":1074,"date":"2021-04-15T06:01:03","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T04:01:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/?page_id=1074"},"modified":"2024-10-27T08:57:43","modified_gmt":"2024-10-27T07:57:43","slug":"arguments-en-a-ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/arguments-en-a-ab\/","title":{"rendered":"Arguments en a – \/ ab – : \u00ab\u00a0Argument a contrario\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Arg. en<\/span> A \u2013 \/ AB \u2013<\/em> : \u00ab\u00a0ARGUMENT A CONTRARIO\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cette entr\u00e9e liste les arguments d\u00e9sign\u00e9s par un syntagme pr\u00e9positionnel latin gouvern\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9position a \/ ab, comme l’\u00e9tiquette \u201cargument a contrario\u201d.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

1. La construction<\/span><\/h2>\n

La m\u00eame pr\u00e9position a<\/em> \/ ab<\/em><\/strong> est employ\u00e9e sous ces deux formes\u00a0; en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, a<\/em><\/strong> s\u2019emploie devant consonne et ab<\/em><\/strong> devant voyelle.
\nEn latin classique, cette pr\u00e9position se construit avec un substantif compl\u00e9ment au cas ablatif. Elle n\u2019introduit pas de compl\u00e9ments de nom, mais uniquement des circonstanciels qui indiquent la provenance, l\u2019origine, l\u2019\u00e9loignement, la s\u00e9paration\u00a0; \u00e0 la base de constructions comme \u201cargumentum a \/ ab <\/em>N<\/strong>\u201d<\/span>, il y a donc un verbe ellips\u00e9<\/span>.
\nLes textes latins d\u00e9signent les formes argumentatives par des expressions de ce type, par exemple :<\/p>\n

Cum autem a genere ducetur argumentum<\/em>,
\nLorsque c\u2019est le genre qui doit fournir un argument (Cic\u00e9ron, Top<\/em>., IX, 39 ; p. 79)<\/p>\n

Genere<\/em> est le cas ablatif du substantif genus<\/em>, \u201cgenre\u201d. La construction est argumentum [ducetur]<\/em> a genere<\/em>, soit, avec ellipse du verbe \u201cargument [fourni par le, tir\u00e9] du genre\u201d. De m\u00eame, la rh\u00e9torique \u00c0 Herennius<\/em> dit que, pour amplifier l\u2019accusation :<\/p>\n

Primus locus sumitur ab auctoritate<\/em>,
\nLe premier lieu [primus locus<\/em>] se tire [sumitur<\/em>] de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 [ab auctoritate<\/em>]\n\u00c0 Her.<\/em>, ii, 48 ; p. 80-81)<\/p>\n

Auctoritate<\/em> est le cas ablatif du substantif auctoritas<\/em>. La construction est : \u201clieu [tir\u00e9] de l\u2019autorit\u00e9\u201d. Locus<\/em> signifie litt\u00e9ralement \u201clieu\u201d, pris ici par m\u00e9taphore pour \u201clieu commun argumentatif, sch\u00e8me d’argument\u201d, V. Topos<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2. Liste d’arguments en a<\/em> \/ ab<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n

La premi\u00e8re colonne du tableau suivant reprend la d\u00e9signation latine ; la seconde propose une traduction tir\u00e9e de Gaffiot (1934), et renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise correspondante. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nom <\/strong>latin de l\u2019argument\u00a0:
\n<\/strong>argumentum \u2014<\/em><\/td>\n		Terme latin, traduction \u2014 \u00c9quivalent en anglais \u00ad\u2014
\n<\/strong>Entr\u00e9e(s) correspondante(s)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a carcere<\/em><\/td>\nlat. carcer<\/em>, \u201cprison\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from prison <\/em>\u2014 V. \u00c9motion<\/a>\u00a0; Menace<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a coherentia<\/em><\/td>\nlat. coh\u00e6rentia<\/em>, \u201cconnexion, coh\u00e9sion\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from coherence\u00a0; from consistency <\/em>\u2014\u00a0<\/em>V. Coh\u00e9rence<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a comparatione<\/em><\/td>\nlat. comparatio<\/em>, \u201ccomparaison, confrontation\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from comparison
\n<\/em>\u2014\u00a0<\/em>V. Comparaison<\/a>\u00a0; A fortiori <\/em><\/a>; A pari\u00a0<\/a>; Analogie<\/a><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a completudine<\/em><\/td>\nlat. completus<\/em>, \u201ccomplet\u201d, completudo<\/em>, \u201ccompl\u00e9tude\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from completeness
\n<\/em>\u2014\u00a0<\/em>V. Compl\u00e9tude<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a conjugata<\/em><\/td>\nlat. conjugatus<\/em>, \u201capparent\u00e9, de la m\u00eame famille\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from related words
\n<\/em>\u2014\u00a0V. Sens vrai du mot<\/a> ; D\u00e9rivation<\/a>; Paronymie<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a contrario
\n<\/em>a contrario sensu
\n<\/em>ex contrario<\/em><\/td>\n		lat. contrarius<\/em>, \u201ccontraire\u201d \u2014 ang. a contrario<\/em> arg.\u00a0;\u00a0arg. from the opposite
\n<\/em>\u2014\u00a0V. A <\/em>contrario <\/em><\/a>; Contraires<\/a>
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a consequentibus<\/em><\/td>\nlat. consequens<\/em>, \u201cce qui suit\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from consequences <\/em>\u2014
\n<\/em>V. Circonstances<\/a>\u00a0; Cons\u00e9quence<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a fortiori<\/em><\/a><\/td>\nlat. a fortiori ratione<\/em>, \u201c\u00e0 plus forte raison\u201d ; ratio<\/em>, \u201craison\u201d ; fortis<\/em> \u201cfort\u201d au comparatif de sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 \u2014 ang. a <\/em>fortiori<\/em> arg. <\/em>\u2014\u00a0<\/em>V.\u00a0A fortiori <\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a generali sensu<\/em><\/td>\nlat. generalis<\/em>, \u201cqui appartient \u00e0 un genre, g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u201d ; lat. sensus<\/em>, \u00ab mani\u00e8re de voir, de concevoir \u00bb \u2014 ang. arg. of the generality of <\/em>the law<\/em>. \u2014\u00a0V. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9 de la loi<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a genere<\/em><\/td>\nlat. genus<\/em>, \u201cgenre\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from genus <\/em>\u2014 <\/em>V. Classification<\/a>; D\u00e9finition<\/a>; A pari<\/em>.<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a pari<\/em><\/td>\nlat. par<\/em>, \u201c\u00e9gal, pareil\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. a pari <\/em>\u2014 V. A pari<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a posteriori
\n<\/em>a priori<\/em><\/td>\n		lat. posterus<\/em>, \u201cqui vient en second\u201d \u2014 ang. a posteriori arg.
\n<\/em>Lat. prior<\/em>, \u201cle premier de deux, sup\u00e9rieur\u201d \u2014 ang. a priori arg.<\/em> \u2014 V. A priori <\/em>; A posteriori<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a repugnantibus<\/em><\/td>\nlat. repugnans<\/em> (PPrst\/Subst), \u201ccontradictoire ; r\u00e9sistant, contraire, incompatible\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from contrary<\/em>, from incompatible <\/em>\u2014 <\/em>V. A repugnantibus <\/em><\/a>; Absurde<\/a>\u00a0; Ad hominem<\/em> <\/a>; Coh\u00e9rence<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a rubrica<\/em><\/td>\nlat. rubrica<\/em>, \u201ctitre\u201d \u2014 ang. arg.<\/em> from (the) title <\/em>\u2014<\/em> V.\u00a0<\/em>Intitul\u00e9<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a silentio<\/em><\/td>\nlat. silentium<\/em>, \u201csilence\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from silence <\/em>\u2014 <\/em>V. Silence<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a simili<\/em><\/td>\nlat. similis<\/em>, \u201c ressemblant, identique\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. by analogy<\/em>. \u2014\u00a0V. Analogie<\/a><\/em> ; A pari.<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ab absurdo <\/em>[en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral : ad absurdum<\/em>]<\/td>\nlat. absurdus<\/em>, \u201cabsurde\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from absurdity\u00a0; from the absurd <\/em>\u2014 <\/em>V. Absurde<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ab adjunctis<\/em><\/td>\nlat. adjuncta<\/em>, \u201cce qui accompagne\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from <\/em>circumstances. <\/em>\u2014 <\/em>V. Circonstances<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ab antecedentibus<\/em><\/td>\nlat. antecedens<\/em>, \u201cce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de\u201d \u2014 ang. from circumstances
\n<\/em>\u2014 V. Circonstances<\/a> ; Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ab auctoritate
\n<\/em>[en gralt <\/sup>: ad auctoritatem<\/em>]<\/td>\n		lat. auctoritas<\/em>, \u201cautorit\u00e9\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from authority <\/em>\u2014 V. Autorit\u00e9<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ab enumeratione <\/em>partium<\/em><\/td>\nlat. enumeratio <\/em>\u201c\u00e9num\u00e9ration\u201d ; lat. pars<\/em>, \u201cpartie\u201d ; \u201cd\u00e9nombrement des parties\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from the enumeration <\/em>of the parts <\/em>\u2014 <\/em>V. Tout et partie<\/a>\u00a0; Cas par cas<\/a>\u00a0; D\u00e9finition<\/a>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ab exemplo<\/em><\/td>\nlat. exemplum <\/em>: \u201cexemple\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from example <\/em>\u2014 V. Exemple<\/a>\u00a0; Exemplum<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>; Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ab inutilitate<\/em><\/td>\nlat. inutilitas<\/em>, \u201cinutile, dangereux\u201d \u2014 ang. arg. from superfluity <\/em>\u2014 V. Inutilit\u00e9<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ab utili<\/em><\/td>\nlat. utilitas<\/em>, \u201cutilit\u00e9, avantage\u201d \u2014 arg. from utility ; from usefulness <\/em>\u2014 <\/em>V. Pragmatique<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Les arguments en a<\/em> \/ ab <\/em><\/strong>constituent le stock originel d\u2019arguments<\/span> dont le noyau est tir\u00e9 de la typologie de Cic\u00e9ron, V. Typologies 1<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Par opposition aux arguments en ad<\/em>,<\/strong> on remarque qu\u2019on ne trouve aucune \u00e9tiquette en a \/ ab<\/strong> faisant r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 des \u00e9motions ou \u00e0 des croyances subjectives.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les arguments en a<\/em> \/ ab<\/em><\/strong> d\u00e9signent clairement des arguments<\/em> et non pas des fallacies<\/em>. En d’autres termes, ce stock originel d’arguments se situe dans la perspective de celui qui produit et met en avant l’argument<\/span>, non pas dans la perspective de celui que l’argument va impacter et qui va le rejeter.<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Arg. en A \u2013 \/ AB \u2013 : \u00ab\u00a0ARGUMENT A CONTRARIO\u00a0\u00bb Cette entr\u00e9e liste les arguments d\u00e9sign\u00e9s par un syntagme pr\u00e9positionnel latin gouvern\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9position a \/ ab, comme l’\u00e9tiquette \u201cargument a contrario\u201d. 1. La construction La m\u00eame pr\u00e9position a \/ ab est employ\u00e9e sous ces deux formes\u00a0; en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, a s\u2019emploie devant consonne […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1074"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12273,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1074\/revisions\/12273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}