{"id":1165,"date":"2021-04-15T10:06:48","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T08:06:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/?page_id=1165"},"modified":"2024-10-18T10:54:49","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T08:54:49","slug":"completude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/completude\/","title":{"rendered":"Compl\u00e9tude, arg. de la \u2013"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Arg. de la<\/span>\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #000080;\">COMPL\u00c9TUDE<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019argument de la <em>compl\u00e9tude <\/em>[1] est utilis\u00e9 en droit. Il postule que le syst\u00e8me du droit est <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\"><em>complet<\/em><\/span>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas de vide juridique<\/span> (de lacune dans la l\u00e9gislation, de \u201csilence\u201d du l\u00e9gislateur).<br \/>\nEn cons\u00e9quence, tous les cas soumis au juge peuvent et doivent \u00eatre rapport\u00e9s \u00e0 une loi ou \u00e0 une interpr\u00e9tation fond\u00e9e de la loi.<br \/>\nLe principe de compl\u00e9tude est corr\u00e9latif de <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\"><em>l\u2019obligation de juger <\/em><\/span>: le juge ne peut pas s\u2019excuser en arguant de trous dans le dispositif l\u00e9gal. Cela suppose que la loi fournit au juge un moyen de juger n&rsquo;importe quel acte socialement reconnu comme dommageable \u00e0 autrui.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 travers ce principe est pos\u00e9 le probl\u00e8me du traitement des lacunes en droit, qui apparaissent en fonction de l\u2019\u00e9volution de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (Tarello 1972, cit\u00e9 dans Perelman 1977, p. 55). Un m\u00e9ta-principe comme le suivant permet de clore le syst\u00e8me de jugement :<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Dans les mati\u00e8res civiles, le juge, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut de loi pr\u00e9cise, est oblig\u00e9 de proc\u00e9der conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 ; pour d\u00e9cider suivant l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9, il faut recourir \u00e0 la loi naturelle et \u00e0 la raison, ou aux usages re\u00e7us, dans le silence de la loi primitive.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Fortun\u00e9 Anthoine de Saint Joseph, <em>Concordance entre les codes civils \u00e9trangers et le Code Napol\u00e9on<\/em>, 1856.<\/span><strong><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">[2]<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019argument de la <em>compl\u00e9tude <\/em>fonctionne en parall\u00e8le avec <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">l&rsquo;argument du <em>l\u00e9gislateur impuissant<\/em>,<\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">la <a style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\" href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/force-des-choses\/\">nature des choses<\/a> <\/span>rendant l\u2019application de la loi impossible.<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>[1]<\/strong> Lat. argument <em>a completudine<\/em>, de <em>completudo<\/em>, \u201ccompl\u00e9tude\u201d.<br \/>\n<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[2]<\/a> 2e \u00e9dition, t. II, Paris, Cotillon, 1856, p. 460.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arg. de la\u00a0 COMPL\u00c9TUDE L\u2019argument de la compl\u00e9tude [1] est utilis\u00e9 en droit. Il postule que le syst\u00e8me du droit est complet, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas de vide juridique (de lacune dans la l\u00e9gislation, de \u201csilence\u201d du l\u00e9gislateur). En cons\u00e9quence, tous les cas soumis au juge peuvent et doivent \u00eatre rapport\u00e9s \u00e0 une loi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1165"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12136,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165\/revisions\/12136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1165"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1165"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1165"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}