{"id":2054,"date":"2021-04-20T19:24:03","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T17:24:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/?p=2054"},"modified":"2024-11-11T09:29:57","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T08:29:57","slug":"transitivite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/transitivite\/","title":{"rendered":"Transitivit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Arg. de la TRANSITIVIT\u00c9<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Soit un \u00e9nonc\u00e9 reliant deux groupes nominaux par un verbe, N1 \u2014 Verbe \u2014N2.<br \/>\nLe verbe exprime une relation transitive s<strong>i N1 \u2014 Verbe \u2014N2<\/strong><strong> et\u00a0 N2 \u2014 Verbe \u2014N3<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> alors n\u00e9cessairement<strong> N1 Verbe N3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Si Pierre est un anc\u00eatre de Paul et Anatole est un anc\u00eatre de Pierre, alors Anatole est un anc\u00eatre de Paul.<br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">L<strong>a relation<\/strong> exprim\u00e9e par l&rsquo;expression verbale \u201c\u2014 <em>est un anc\u00eatre de<\/em> \u2014\u201d est dite transitive<span style=\"font-size: 10pt; background-color: #ffff99;\"> [1].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>SI <\/em><strong>a <\/strong><em>est un anc\u00eatre de<\/em> <strong>b<em>,<\/em><\/strong><em> ET si<\/em> <strong>b <\/strong><em>est un anc\u00eatre de<\/em> <strong>c<\/strong>, <em>ALORS <\/em><strong>a <em>est<\/em><em> un anc\u00eatre de<\/em> c.<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Si <strong>m<\/strong> est la m\u00e8re de <strong>n<\/strong> et n la m\u00e8re de <strong>o<\/strong>, alors <strong>m<\/strong> <strong>n&rsquo;est pas la m\u00e8re de o<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">La relation exprim\u00e9e par l&rsquo;expression verbale<strong> \u201c\u2014 <em>est la m\u00e8re de<\/em> \u2014\u201d <\/strong>n&rsquo;est pas transitive<strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>En math\u00e9matiques<\/strong>, un pr\u00e9dicat <strong>R <\/strong>est dit transitif si, lorsqu\u2019il lie <strong>a <\/strong>\u00e0 <strong>b <\/strong>et <strong>b <\/strong>\u00e0 <strong>c<\/strong>, il lie aussi <strong>a <\/strong>\u00e0 <strong>c<\/strong>; autrement dit\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">SI \u201c<strong>aRb<\/strong>\u201d ET \u201c<strong>bRc<\/strong>\u201d ALORS \u201c<strong>aRc<\/strong>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>La transitivit\u00e9 est \u00e0 la base du <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\"><strong>raisonnement par r\u00e9currence<\/strong><\/span> en math\u00e9matiques.<\/p>\n<p><strong>En langue naturelle, la relation <em>\u00eatre un anc\u00eatre de<\/em> est transitive ; <\/strong><span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">le verbe <em>manger<\/em> n&rsquo;est pas transitif<\/span>\u00a0: si <strong>a <\/strong><em>mange<\/em><strong> b <\/strong>et<strong> b <\/strong><em>mange<\/em><strong> c<\/strong>, alors<strong> a <\/strong><em>ne mange pas forc\u00e9ment<\/em><strong> c<\/strong>. Le carnivore mange l&rsquo;herbivore, l&rsquo;herbivore mange de l&rsquo;herbe, mais le carnivore ne mange pas forc\u00e9ment l&rsquo;herbe, sauf en cas d&rsquo;urgence. De m\u00eame, le verbe <em>aimer :<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">SI <strong>a <\/strong><em>aime<\/em> <strong>b<\/strong>, ET SI <strong>b <\/strong><em>aime<\/em> <strong>c<\/strong>, ALORS <strong>a <\/strong>N&rsquo;AIME PAS FORC\u00c9MENT <strong>c<\/strong>\u00a0:<br \/>\nLa relation <em>aimer <\/em>n\u2019est pas transitive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Les inf\u00e9rences fond\u00e9es sur la transitivit\u00e9 d\u2019un pr\u00e9dicat font partie des automatismes argumentatifs exploit\u00e9s par l\u2019argumentation quotidienne. Leur possibilit\u00e9 ou impossibilit\u00e9 est inscrite dans le sens des mots <em>aimer<\/em>, <em>m\u00e8re de<\/em>, <em>anc\u00eatre de<\/em>.<br \/>\nElles sont mobilisables toutes les fois qu\u2019on a affaire \u00e0 une <strong>hi\u00e9rarchie<\/strong> d&rsquo;au moins trois objets positionn\u00e9s sur une <strong>\u00e9chelle gradu\u00e9e<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Si <\/em><strong>a <\/strong>est plus grand, plus vieux, plus riche&#8230; que <strong>b<\/strong>,<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><em>et si <\/em><strong>b <\/strong>plus grand, plus vieux, plus riche&#8230; que <strong>c<\/strong>,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>alors <\/em><strong>a <\/strong>est plus grand, plus vieux, plus riche&#8230; que <strong>c<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>La transitivit\u00e9 est \u00e0 la base du fonctionnement des <a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/echelle\/\">\u00e9chelles argumentatives<\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>[1]<\/strong> Cette transitivit\u00e9 est totalement diff\u00e9rente de celle qui, en grammaire, lie un verbe transitif (<em>manger<\/em>) \u00e0 son objet direct (<em>manger la pomme<\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arg. de la TRANSITIVIT\u00c9 Soit un \u00e9nonc\u00e9 reliant deux groupes nominaux par un verbe, N1 \u2014 Verbe \u2014N2. Le verbe exprime une relation transitive si N1 \u2014 Verbe \u2014N2 et\u00a0 N2 \u2014 Verbe \u2014N3, alors n\u00e9cessairement N1 Verbe N3 Si Pierre est un anc\u00eatre de Paul et Anatole est un anc\u00eatre de Pierre, alors Anatole [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2054"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12547,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2054\/revisions\/12547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}