{"id":4787,"date":"2021-10-18T13:54:52","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T11:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/?p=4787"},"modified":"2025-02-14T20:27:41","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T19:27:41","slug":"completeness-e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/completeness-e\/","title":{"rendered":"Completeness"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Argument of <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">COMPREHENSIVENESS<br \/>\n<em>A completudine<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>The evolution of society can manifest itself by the emergence of legal cases that do not find clear solutions in the existing legal system, be it in national, international or human rights legislation (Tarello 1972, cited in Perelman 1977, p. 55).<br \/>\nNevertheless, the judge has<strong> an <em>obligation to judge<\/em><\/strong>, i.e., he or she has to give a verdict upon all the cases before him or her, S..<a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/silence-e\/\"> Silence<\/a>. That is, he or she cannot refuse to decide a case by arguing that there is <em>no law<\/em> applicable to that case, or that <em>no interpretation<\/em> of an existing law can settle it.<br \/>\nIn other words, the principle of completeness presupposes that the existing legal body of law, properly interpreted, can qualify each and every human action as permitted, tolerated, or prohibited.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Meta-principles<\/em><\/strong> such as the following supplement the legal system:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">In civil matters, in the absence of specific law, the judge is bound to proceed according to equity. In order to decide according to equity, he must refer to natural law and to reason, or to received usages, when the primitive law is silent.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Fortun\u00e9 Anthoine de Saint Joseph, [<em>Concordance between the Foreign Civil Code and the Napoleonic Code<\/em>], 1856.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The argument of comprehensiveness [2] is parallel to the topos of the <em>impotent legislator<\/em>, the nature of things that makes the application of the law impossible, see <a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/weight-of-circumstances\/\">Weight of Circumstances<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Fortun\u00e9 Anthoine de Saint Joseph, <em>Concordance entre les codes civils \u00e9trangers et le Code Napol\u00e9on<\/em>, 2<sup>nd<\/sup> ed. t. II. Paris: Cotillon, 1856. P. 460.<br \/>\n[2] Argument <em>a completudine<\/em>; Lat. <em>completudo<\/em>, \u201ccompleteness\u201d.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Argument of COMPREHENSIVENESS A completudine The evolution of society can manifest itself by the emergence of legal cases that do not find clear solutions in the existing legal system, be it in national, international or human rights legislation (Tarello 1972, cited in Perelman 1977, p. 55). Nevertheless, the judge has an obligation to judge, i.e., [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4787"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13434,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4787\/revisions\/13434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}