{"id":5351,"date":"2021-10-23T09:53:31","date_gmt":"2021-10-23T07:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/?p=5351"},"modified":"2025-05-11T10:47:49","modified_gmt":"2025-05-11T08:47:49","slug":"prolepsis-e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/prolepsis-e\/","title":{"rendered":"Prolepsis"},"content":{"rendered":"

PROLEPSIS<\/span><\/h1>\n

The speaker may choose to link his own\u00a0 line of argument to a counter-discourse that he or she knows or anticipates and, in any case, rejects.<\/strong> The prolepsis steals the argument from the mouth of the (real or fictitious) opponent, \u201cI know (perhaps better than you) what you are going to say<\/em>\u201d.<\/span> The counter-discourse is resumed with an indeterminate degree of distortion, ranging from a literal quotation, together with its references,\u00a0 to a sketchy evocation of a possible objection, which may be framed as a self-refuting scarecrow, see speech resumption<\/a><\/span> At the very least, the quoted speech is extracted and readjusted in view of the new discursive environment, and its ethotic force is kept at bay. Through the magic of quotation, an intended refutation<\/em> becomes a mere objection<\/em><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The degree to which the counter-discourse is rejected is itself variable. The counter-discourse can be radically rejected; it can be dismissed as absurd.<\/p>\n

Do we want to ruin all small savers? No, on the contrary, and for many reasons…<\/em><\/p>\n

It can also be maintained in full force, until further information becomes available. In this sense, the modal-rebuttal component of Toulmin’s layout of argument<\/a> is a prolepsis.<\/p>\n

The proleptic structure includes not only coordinated or subordinated pairs of statements but any discourse pattern whose configuration corresponds to the staging of two opposing (anti-oriented) discourses,<\/span> the speaker taking responsibility for one of them; it represents the maximum development of monological argumentation, see connective<\/a>; destruction<\/a>; Concession<\/a>; refutation<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Several rhetorical terms refer to the same structure:<\/p>\n

\u2014\u00a0The anteoccupation<\/em> <\/strong>refers to a refutative structure, composed of a prolepsis<\/em>, which evokes the opponent’s position, followed by an hypobole<\/em>, which refutes this position or expresses the position supported by the speaker (Molini\u00e9 1992, [Anteoccupation<\/em>]). Lausberg ([1963], \u00a7 855) calls the same strategy preoccupation<\/em><\/strong> (Latin prefixes pre-<\/em>, ante-<\/em> \u201cin advance\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u2014 The terms<\/em> procatalepsis<\/em><\/strong> and the metathesis<\/em><\/strong> refer to a discursive configuration by which the speaker \u201creminds the listeners of past events, presents to them the facts to come, foresees objections\u201d (Larousse<\/em>, quoted in Dupriez 1984, p. 290.
\nMetathesis<\/em> has another quite different meaning, \u201cthe interchanging of two sounds or letters of a word\u201d).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PROLEPSIS The speaker may choose to link his own\u00a0 line of argument to a counter-discourse that he or she knows or anticipates and, in any case, rejects. The prolepsis steals the argument from the mouth of the (real or fictitious) opponent, \u201cI know (perhaps better than you) what you are going to say\u201d. The counter-discourse […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5351"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14236,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5351\/revisions\/14236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}