{"id":6869,"date":"2021-12-26T17:14:48","date_gmt":"2021-12-26T16:14:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/?p=6869"},"modified":"2024-10-21T14:42:40","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T12:42:40","slug":"etablir-exploiter-une-relation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/etablir-exploiter-une-relation\/","title":{"rendered":"Etablir \/ Exploiter une relation"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9TABLIR \/ EXPLOITER UNE RELATION<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
L’analogie, l’autorit\u00e9, la causalit\u00e9, la d\u00e9finition<\/em><\/span>\u2026 mettent en jeu deux types d’argumentations, (1) l’argumentation qui <\/span>\u00e9<\/em>tablit l’existence<\/span> d’u<\/em>ne relation d’analogie, etc. ; (2) l’argumentation qui exploite<\/span><\/em> une relation d’analogie etc., qu’elle pr\u00e9suppose.<\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

L’analogie, l’autorit\u00e9, la causalit\u00e9, la d\u00e9finition\u2026<\/strong> sont des ressources argumentatives fondamentales. On les retrouve dans la typologie ancienne<\/a> de Cic\u00e9ron (1er s. AEC).\u00a0<\/span> ainsi qu’au\u00a0 20e si\u00e8cle dans celles de Janik, Rieke et Toulmin,V. Typologies Contemporaines<\/a><\/span>.
\nLes arguments relatifs \u00e0 ces sources peuvent \u00eatre divis\u00e9s en deux cat\u00e9gories principales.<\/p>\n

(1) Arguments \u00e9tablissant <\/strong>(construisant, justifiant …) une relation<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Il existe une relation de causalit\u00e9<\/a> entre deux faits.
\n\u2014 Il existe une analogie entre deux \u00eatres ou deux organisations de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9,
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V. Cat\u00e9gorisation<\/a> ; Analogie cat\u00e9gorielle<\/a> ; Analogie structurelle<\/a><\/span>
\n\u2014 Telle source fait autorit\u00e9, V. Autorit\u00e9, \u00a77.3<\/a>
\n\u2014 Telle d\u00e9finition<\/a> d\u00e9finit correctement tel mot, ou tel concept.<\/p>\n

(2) Arguments exploitant une relation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Une relation causale <\/strong><\/b>pr\u00e9\u00e9tablie (pr\u00e9suppos\u00e9e, bien connue …),
\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V. Arg. de la cause \u00e0 l’effet<\/a> ; Arg. de l’effet \u00e0 la cause<\/a> ; Arg. pragmatique<\/a>.<\/span>
\n\u2014 Une relation analogique <\/strong>pr\u00e9\u00e9tablie (pr\u00e9suppos\u00e9e, bien connue…),
\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V. Analogie cat\u00e9gorielle<\/a> ;<\/a> Analogie structurelle<\/a><\/span>
\n\u2014 Une source reconnue faisant autorit\u00e9<\/strong>, V. Autorit\u00e9, \u00a76-7<\/a><\/span>
\n\u2014 Une d\u00e9finition<\/strong> accept\u00e9e, V. Arg. par la d\u00e9finition.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce deuxi\u00e8me type d’arguments peut \u00eatre r\u00e9fut\u00e9 au motif que l’affirmation sous-jacente du premier type qu’il pr\u00e9suppose n’est pas correcte.<\/p>\n

Arguments<\/span> \u00e9tablissant \/ exploitant<\/span> <\/span>une relation
\net arguments <\/span><\/span>\u00ab fond\u00e9s sur \/ \u00e9tablissant<\/span> la structure de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00bb<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/h2>\n

La distinction pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente est diff\u00e9rente de celle que l’on trouve dans le Trait\u00e9 de l’argumentation<\/em> entre \u00ab\u00a0Argument fond\u00e9 sur la structure de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb ([1958], \u00a760-77) et \u00ab\u00a0Relations \u00e9tablissant la structure de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb ([1958], \u00a778-88), V. Typologies (3)<\/a>. <\/span>Selon Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca :<\/p>\n

\u2014 Les arguments causaux et l’autorit\u00e9 sont \u00ab fond\u00e9s sur la structure de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00bb.
\n\u2014 L’analogie est une relation \u00ab \u00e9tablissant la structure de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00bb.
\n\u2014 La d\u00e9finition est une relation \u00ab quasi-logique \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c9TABLIR \/ EXPLOITER UNE RELATION L’analogie, l’autorit\u00e9, la causalit\u00e9, la d\u00e9finition\u2026 mettent en jeu deux types d’argumentations, (1) l’argumentation qui \u00e9tablit l’existence d’une relation d’analogie, etc. ; (2) l’argumentation qui exploite une relation d’analogie etc., qu’elle pr\u00e9suppose. L’analogie, l’autorit\u00e9, la causalit\u00e9, la d\u00e9finition\u2026 sont des ressources argumentatives fondamentales. On les retrouve dans la typologie ancienne […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6869"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12189,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6869\/revisions\/12189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}