{"id":9226,"date":"2022-10-19T15:24:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-19T13:24:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/?p=9226"},"modified":"2025-10-17T11:32:30","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T09:32:30","slug":"contradiction-fr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/contradiction-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"Contradiction"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 164\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>CONTRADICTION<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"column\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>On distingue\u00a0 la <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">contradiction interindividuelle<\/span>, qui peut produire une situation argumentative, et <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">l&rsquo;opposition entre termes et propositions<\/span> contraires et contradictoires\u00a0 n\u00e9e du jeu de la n\u00e9gation .\u00a0 Elles sont \u00e0 la base d&rsquo;op\u00e9rations argumentatives tr\u00e8s productives, comme l&rsquo;argumentation par les <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">cons\u00e9quences ind\u00e9sirables<\/span> et l&rsquo;argumentation sur les paires de <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">termes oppos\u00e9s<\/span>.<\/strong><em><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1.<\/strong> <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\"><strong>En dialogue, <\/strong>la contradiction est une situation ou\u0300 deux interlocuteurs produisent des affirmations incompatibles ; des tours de parole anti-oriente\u0301s.<\/span><br \/>\nLa contradiction apparai\u0302t avec le refus de ratification. Elle peut se re\u0301soudre par une se\u0301rie de proce\u0301de\u0301s d\u2019ajustements, ou elle peut e\u0302tre the\u0301matise\u0301e et donner naissance a\u0300 une situation argumentative.<br \/>\nV. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/negation-denegation\/\">Ne\u0301gation<\/a><\/strong> ; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/desaccord-conversationnel\/\">De\u0301saccord<\/a><\/strong> ; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/question-argumentative\/\">Question argumentative<\/a><\/strong> ; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/stase\/\">Stase<\/a><\/strong> ; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/refutation\/\">Re\u0301futation<\/a><\/strong> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/contre-argumentation\/\"><strong>Contre<\/strong>&#8211;<strong>argumentation<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\"><strong>&lsquo;2.En logique et en linguistique,\u00a0<\/strong> la mise en \u00e9vidence de relations d&rsquo;ncompatibilit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;opposition <\/span>correspondent \u00e0 des ope\u0301rations argumentatives fondamentales.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Le principe logique de <a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/non-contradiction\/\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">non-contradiction<\/span><\/strong><\/a> est une loi de la pens\u00e9e, qui d\u00e9finit la <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/negation-denegation\/\">n\u00e9gation<\/a><\/strong>. et le rejet d&rsquo;une proposition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">.\u00a0 On le retrouve dans le principe g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de <a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/coherence\/\">cohe\u0301rence<\/a>, qui conduit \u00e0 rejeter un discours qui contient des affirmations incompatibles.<br \/>\nL&rsquo;argument <a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/ad-hominem\/\"><strong>ad hominem<\/strong><\/a> demande \u00e0 un locuteur de s&rsquo;expliquer au sujet de diff\u00e9rentes attitudes ou de diff\u00e9rentes prises de positions jug\u00e9es incompatibles.<br \/>\nL&rsquo;argument par l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/absurde\/\"><strong>absurde<\/strong><\/a> permet de rejeter une proposition qui conduit \u00e0 des cons\u00e9quences ind\u00e9sirables.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Deux terme peuvent entrer diff\u00e9rents types d&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/contraires-termes\/\"><strong>opposition<\/strong><\/a>, 1) opposition bidimensionnelle entre termes <a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/contradictoires-et-contraires\/\">contradictoires<\/a>, comme l&rsquo;opposition traditionnelle de \u201c<em>sexe<\/em> = homme, femme\u201d\u00a0 ; 2) opposition multidimensionnelle entre termes <a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/contradictoires-et-contraires\/\">contraires<\/a>, comme l&rsquo;opposition de\u00a0 <strong>\u201c<\/strong><em>sexualit\u00e9<\/em><strong> =<\/strong> <span class=\"ILfuVd\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hgKElc\">l<\/span><\/span>esbiennes, gays, bisexuels, transgenre et plus\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Deux terme peuvent entrer diff\u00e9rents types d&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/contraires-termes\/\"><strong>opposition<\/strong><\/a>, La distinction entre <a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/contradictoires-et-contraires\/\">propositions <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/contradictoires-et-contraires\/\"><strong>contraires<\/strong> et propositions <strong>contradictoires<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong> repose sur les modes d&rsquo;opposition possibles entre des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du m\u00eame type selon que ces propri\u00e9t\u00e9s s&rsquo;opposent de fa\u00e7on <strong>binaire<\/strong> \u201cgenre = homme, femme\u201d (r\u00e9gime traditionnel) ou <strong>multidimensionnelles \u201ccouleur =<\/strong> <span class=\"ILfuVd\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hgKElc\">rouge, orange, jaune, vert, bleu, indigo et violet\u201d.<br \/>\nL&rsquo;argumentation sur les paires de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/contraires-termes\/\">termes<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/contraires-termes\/\">oppos\u00e9s<\/a><\/strong> permet de confirmer ou de r\u00e9futer une affirmation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CONTRADICTION On distingue\u00a0 la contradiction interindividuelle, qui peut produire une situation argumentative, et l&rsquo;opposition entre termes et propositions contraires et contradictoires\u00a0 n\u00e9e du jeu de la n\u00e9gation .\u00a0 Elles sont \u00e0 la base d&rsquo;op\u00e9rations argumentatives tr\u00e8s productives, comme l&rsquo;argumentation par les cons\u00e9quences ind\u00e9sirables et l&rsquo;argumentation sur les paires de termes oppos\u00e9s. 1. En dialogue, la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dictionnaire"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9226"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10802,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9226\/revisions\/10802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}