{"id":9836,"date":"2024-03-18T20:18:58","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T19:18:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/?p=9836"},"modified":"2025-10-17T11:29:37","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T09:29:37","slug":"name-rectifification","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/name-rectifification\/","title":{"rendered":"ATCCT Rectification of Names"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
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ATC<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/td>\n

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NAME and \u00ab\u00a0RECTIFICATION OF NAMES\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Rectification of names<\/span><\/h2>\n

12.1. Duke Jing of Qi asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied,<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00ab\u00a0Let the ruler be ruler, the ministers ministers, the fathers fathers, the sons sons sons.\u00a0\u00bb AnalectsENO<\/sub> 2015<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

We consider that \u00ab\u00a0to be ruler, minister…\u00a0\u00bb is to fulfill a social function while \u00ab\u00a0to be father, to be son\u00a0\u00bb is to fulfill a natural function. A father, a son cannot not be father, son. Confucius’ requirements seem empty, because tautological; but they are not.<\/p>\n

The social category name is not equivalent to a set of descriptive property; it \u00a0is an imperative.<\/p>\n

A ruler is a ruler only if he governs according to the model of exemplary Kings, such as King Wen. A bad ruler is not a ruler; he should not be called a ruler. A bad father is not a father; he should not be called a father, even if a biological one.
\nA woman who does not behave according the rules of exemplary women is not a woman and should not be called woman nor considered as a woman.
\nBy turning bad, they lose their name.<\/p>\n

To unduly bear a name is an usurpation. When such\u00a0 wrong names become current – most of the rulers, fathers, students are actually not fathers, etc, chaos prevails.<\/p>\n

It seems that this vision extends to artefacts. A table is defined by \u00a0its place and function as defined in the ritual. In the West, we sit and eat at a table. If we dance on a table, the table is no more a table. Same for a gourd:<\/p>\n

\n
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AnalectsENO, 6.25
\nThe Master said, A gourd that is not a gourd \u2013 is it a gourd? Is it a gourd?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Note ENO: Gourds were used as a certain type of wine vessel, called, therefore, \u2018gourds\u2019. This passage must refer to some irregularity of vessel usage, and, in doing so, raise the issue of the distortion of language to cover up unorthodox conduct. An implied meaning might be that a \u2018ruler\u2019 who does not properly \u2018rule\u2019 should not be called a \u2018ruler\u2019 \u2013 an idea that has come to be known as part of a doctrine called \u2018the rectification of names\u2019.<\/em>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Quoted after http:\/\/archives.charles-de-gaulle.org\/pages\/espace-pedagogique\/le-point-sur\/les-textes-a-connaitre\/discours-du-30-mai-1968.php (11-08-2017)<\/p>\n

An application: MenciusLAU<\/sub>, 1B.8<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

1B.8 King Xuan of Qi asked, \u201cIs it so that Tang banished Jie and that King Wu killed Zh\u00f2u?\u201d
\nMencius replied, \u201cIt is so recorded in the histories.\u201d<\/strong>
\n\u201cIs it permissible, then, for a subject to kill his ruling lord?\u201d<\/strong>
\nMencius said, \u201cA man who plunders humanity is called a thief; a man who plunders righteousness is called an outcast. I have heard of the execution of Outcast Zh\u00f2u; I have not heard of the execution of a ruling lord Zh\u00f2u.<\/span>\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eno, Preface, p. 15
\nMencius held that kings only enjoyed mandates to rule to the extent that they governed to the benefit of those whom they ruled. He insisted that the population was the most important component of the state, not the king (7B.14), and that rulers who abandoned this charge were, in effect, no longer rulers: of the murder of the tyrannical last king of the Shang he denied that any act of regicide was involved, saying that an outcast had been executed, not a ruler (1B.8)<\/p>\n

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Natural categories group beings are named according to a certain organization of their natural characteristics, based on the similarity of the object with the beings recognized as typical of the category.<\/p>\n

Social categories are groupings of persons sharing the same type of social role. King, nobleman, were considered as natural categories, now clearly as social categories, as minister, teacher, leader are social functions. There is a dispute about man, woman, father, son… whether they should be considered as social roles or natural categories. In a famous passage of the Analects,<\/p>\n

Live up to the name of the social category you belong to!<\/h2>\n

The\u00a0 speech made by General de Gaulle on 3ay 30 1968 uses self-argued<\/a> statements:<\/p>\n

As for the legislative elections, they will take place within the period established by the Constitution, unless the whole French people are to be gagged, preventing them from speaking as they are prevented from living, by the same means that prevent students from studying, teachers from teaching and workers from working.
\n(Charles de Gaulle, Speech on May 30, 1968[1]<\/a><\/em>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

In a well-made world, \u201cstudents study, teachers teach and workers work\u201d if not, the semantic disorder argues the abnormality of beings who don’t act according to their essential principle.<\/p>\n

This is an argument based on the name, \u00ab\u00a0let the students study\u00a0\u00bb that is to say \u00ab\u00a0be worthy of their name\u00a0\u00bb. The argument traces the social order over the natural order (Plantin 2021, Name). The name of the category to which the person belongs expresses the norm that governs his behavior.<\/p>\n

These self-evident arguments are based on a license to infer according to which the derivational families are semantically consistent. The morphological similarity may obscure deep semantic differences between the root word and the derived word, which meaning may range from the conservation of the root meaning, to opposition between their connotations or argumentative orientations, to the complete independence of meanings in synchrony. By a kind of antanaclasis S. Orientation<\/strong>, the following exchange plays on the opposite argumentative orientations of words belonging to the same lexical family, politic<\/em>:<\/p>\n

S1 \u2014 By signing this compromise at a convenient moment, the president made a highly political decision.
\nS2 \u2014 We are just witnessing a new example of the President’s usual politicking<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ATC NAME and \u00ab\u00a0RECTIFICATION OF NAMES\u00a0\u00bb Rectification of names 12.1. Duke Jing of Qi asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied, \u00ab\u00a0Let the ruler be ruler, the ministers ministers, the fathers fathers, the sons sons sons.\u00a0\u00bb AnalectsENO 2015 We consider that \u00ab\u00a0to be ruler, minister…\u00a0\u00bb is to fulfill a social function while \u00ab\u00a0to be father, to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-atc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9836"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15026,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9836\/revisions\/15026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icar.cnrs.fr\/dicoplantin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}