Dictionary of Argumentation 2021

DICTIONARY OF ARGUMENTATION

Foreword – J. Anthony BLAIR
Preface  Christian PLANTIN – Translated by J. Anthony BLAIR

DeepL English – Edited and Proofread.
Quotations from English texts follow
the language of the English edition.
Errors are mine.


A

A Comparatione ►Comparison
A CompletudineComprehensiveness
A Conjugata Related Words
A Contrario
 Opposites
A Fortiori

A Pari
A Priori, A Posteriori
A Repugnantibus
A Simili

A/ab – Arguments, e.g. A Contrario arg.
Ab —, Ad —, Ex —: Latin Labels
Ab Exemplo
Abduction

Absurd

Accent ► Ambiguity
Accident

Ad — Arguments, e.g. Ad hominem arg.
Ad AuditoremBeliefs of the Audience
Ad Baculum Threat — Promise
Ad Consequentiam

Ad Hominem
Ad Incommodum
Ad Judicium
Ad lapidem ► Dismissal
Ad litteram Letter
Ad orationem ►Matter; Strict meaning
Ad personam Personal Attack
Ad Populum
Ad Quietem
 Calm
Ad Rem

Ad Verecundiam Modesty

Affirming the Consequent ► Deduction
“After as Before” ► Consistency

Agreement

Alignment ► Orientation
Ambiguity
Amphiboly ► Ambiguity

Analogical Thinking
Analogy 1: Intra-Categorical Analogy
Analogy 2: Structural Analogy
Antanaclasis — Antimetabole — Antiparastasis ► Orientation Reversal
Antithesis
Apagogic
Aporia ► Assent; Stasis

(To) Argue, Argument, : The Words
Argument — Conclusion
Argumentation 1: Definitions
Argumentation 2: Key Features and Issues
Argumentation Studies: Contemporary Developments
Argumentativity ► Argumentation (2)

Assent
Association ► Dissociation
Audience ► Rhetorical ArgumentationPersuasion
Authority
Autophagy, Retaliation


B

BackingLayout of argumentTopos
Bandwagon ► Consensus
Begging the Question Vicious Circle
Beliefs of the Audience
Bias ► Orientation
Burden of Proof


C

Appeal to CALM, or AD QUIETEM Argument
Case-by-Case Argument
Categorization and Nomination
Causality
Causal argumentation
Cause-to-Effect argumentation

Circumstances
Classification

Collections 1 and Typologies of Arguments Schemes
Collections 2: From Aristotle to Boethius
Collections 3: Modernity and Tradition
Collections 4: Contemporary   Structurations
Common Sense ► « Invention”; Common Place
Common Place ► « Invention”; Common Place
Comparison
Comprehensivess
Composition and Division
Concession
Conclusion Argument — Conclusion
Conditions of Discussion

Conductive Argument

Connective, Logical —

Consensus

Consequence Effect-to-Cause argument

Consistency

Contradiction

Contrary and Contradictory

Convergent Argumentation

Convergent — Linked — Serial Argumentation

Conversion

Cooperative Principle

Coordinate Argumentation ► Linked argumentation

Correlative terms

Counter-Accusation

Counter-Argumentation

Counter-Discourse ► Counter-Argumentation

Counter-Proposition ► Counter-Argumentation

Criticism — Rationalities — Rationalizations


D

Debate
Deduction

Default Reasoning

Definition (1): Definition and Argument

Definition (2): Arg. Justifying a definition

Definition (3): Arg. based on a definition

Definition (4): Persuasive Definition

Demonstration and Argumentation

Denying

Denying the Antecedent ► Deduction

Derived Words

Destruction of Speech

Dialectic

Diallel ► Vicious Circle

Dilemma

Direction ► GradualismSlippery Slope

Disagreement

Dismissal  

Dissensus

Dissociation

Distinguo

Division Case-by-Case; Composition

Doubt

Doxa


E

Ecthesis ► Example

Effect to Cause, Arg. from —

Emotion

Enantiosis ► Disagreement

Enthymeme

Epicheirema

Epitrope

Establishing / Exploiting a Relationship   

Ethos

Etymology ►True Meaning of the Word

Evaluation and Evaluators

Evidentiality

Ex — Arguments (Ex Concesso…)

Ex Concessis ►Beliefs of the Audience

Ex Datis ►Beliefs of the Audience

Exageration and Euphemization

Example

Exemplum

Explanation

Expression


F

Facts ► Proof by fact – Persuasion against fact

Faith — Superstition, Arg. from —

Fallacies 1: Contemporary Approaches

Fallacies 2: Aristotle’s Foundational List

Fallacies 3: From Logic and Dialectic to Science

Fallacies 4: A Moral and Anthropological Perspective

Fallacies as Sins of the Tongue

False Cause ► Cause-Effect

Figure

Follow-the-Leader ► Ad Populum — Consensus

Force Strength

Forum

G

Generality of the Law

Genetic Argument ► Fallacy (I)Intention of the Legislator;

Genus

Gradualism and Direction

H

Hasty Generalization ► Induction

Historic Argument (in Law) ► Intention of the Legislator

I

Ignorance

Ignorance of Refutation, Ignoratio Elenchi Relevance

Imitation ►Example

Implication ► InferenceDeductionConnective

Index ► Natural Sign

Indicator

Induction

Inference

Intention of the Legislator

Interaction, Dialogue, Polyphony

Interpretation 1

Interpretation 2, Exegesis, Hermeneutics

« Invention”; Common Place

Irony

J

Justice: Rule of —

Justification and Deliberation

K

Kettle Argumentation

L

Laughter and Seriousness

Laws of Discourse ► Scale

Layout of argument

Legal Arguments: Three Collections

Legal Syllogism ► LayoutDefinitionCategorization

Letter: Arg. appealing to the —

Likely ► Probable, Plausible, True

Linked Argumentation

Logic: Branch of Mathematics, Art of Thinking

Logical square ► Proposition

Logics for Dialogues

Logos – Ethos – Pathos

M

Manipulation

Many Questions

Map, Arg.— ► Script

Matter

Metaphor, Analogy, Model

Metonymy, Synecdoche

Moderation and Radicalism

Modesty

Motives and Reasons 

Multiple Argumentation ► Convergent argumentation

N

Natural Signs

Nature, Appeal to — — Naturalistic Fallacy ► Weight of Circumstances

Negation ► Denying

Non-Contradiction Principle

Norm

Novelty, Appeal to — ► Progress

O

OBJECT OF DISCOURSE

OBJECTION

Ontological Argument ► A Priori, A Posteriori

Opponent ►Roles

OPPOSITE terms

Argument by the OPPOSITES

Orator ►Rhetorical argumentation

Argumentative ORIENTATION

ORIENTATION reversal

ORIENTING words

ORNAMENTAL fallacy

P

Paradiastole ► Orientation Reversal

Paradoxes of Argumentation

Paralogism

Pathetic Argument

Pathos 1: Rhetorical Proof

Pathos 2: From Proof to Fallacy

Personal Attack

Persuading, Convincing

Persuasion

Petitio Principii Vicious Circle

Plausible ► Probable, Plausible, True

Politeness

Political Arguments: Two Collections

Polysyllogism Sorite; Serial

Pragmatic Argument

Precedent

Presence ► Object of discourse

Presupposition

Priming and Stages ► Gradualism and Direction

Probable, Plausible, True

Progress

Prolepsis

Proof and the Arts of Proof

Proof by facts – Persuasion against facts 

Proper Name

Proponent ► Roles

Proportion and Proportionality

Proposition

Pseudo-Simplicity ► Fallacies (I)

Psychological Argument (in Law) ► Intention of the  Legislator

Q

Quasi-Logical Arguments

Question

Question: Argumentative Question

R

Rationality ► Criticism – Rationalities – Rationalization

Reciprocity

 « Red Herring »

 Reflexivity

Reformulation ► Vicious Circle

Refutation   

Related Words

Relation

Relevance  

Repetition

Respect

Resumption of speech — “Straw man”

Retaliation ► Autophagy

Rhetorical Argumentation

Rich and Poor

Right Balance Argument ► Moderation and Radicalism

Roles: Proponent Opponent, Third Party

Rules

Rule of justice

S

Scale: Argumentative —; — Laws of Discourse

Schema — Scheme— Schematization

Schematization

Scheme: Argument —, or Topos

Script

Self-Argued Claim

Self-Evidence

Serial Argumentation

Signs ► Natural Signs

Silence   

Slippery Slope

Sophism, Sophist

Sorite

Stasis

Strategy

“Straw Man” ► Resumption of speech

Strength

Strict Meaning

Structures of Argumentation

Subject Matter of the Law

Subordinate Argumentation ► Serial Argumentation

Superfluity of the Law, Arg. from —

Syllogism

Symmetry ► Relations

Synecdoche ► Metonymy

Systemic argument

Syzygy

T

Tagging the argumentative sequence
“Technical” vs “Non-Technical” Evidence
Testimony
Third Party ► Roles
Threat — Promise
Title of the law, Arg. from the—   
Topos in Semantic
Topos — Topic — Commonplace

True Meaning of the Word
Truth ► Probable, Likely, True
Two-Term Reasoning
Two wrongs don’t make a right” ► “You too!”

U

Unmeaning: Fallacies of confusion  

V

Vague – General – Fuzzy 

Value-1: The New Rhetoric

Value-2 as Oriented Words

Verbiage

Vertigo

Vicious Circle

W

Warrant ►Layout of Argument Topos

Waste

Weight of Circumstances

Whole and Parts ► Composition and Division

Words as Arguments

Y

“You too!”